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C. K. Ashok Kumar1, G. Shiva Kumar2, Pitchika Subrahmanyam3, Bhairy Srinivas4, Kondapuram Parameshwar5*
1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Amity University, Gurugram 122 413, Haryana, India
2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad 502329, Telangana, India
3Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
4Research and Development-Formulations, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Hyderabad 500 101, Telangana, India
5Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, Gurunanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad 501 506, Telangana, India
*Address for Corresponding Author
Kondapuram Parameshwar
Department of Pharmaceutics,
School of pharmacy, Gurunanak Institutions Technical Campus (GNITC),
Hyderabad 501 506, Telangana, India
Abstract
Objectives: Menstruation necessitates the use of feminine hygiene products. However, they pose a hazard to the environment due to their non-biodegradability. Since they cannot decompose, they are environmentally hazardous. Around 90% of typical sanitary napkins are made of plastic, dumped in landfills and there for decades, increasing the carbon footprint. A study of popular brands of sanitary napkins in India revealed that various phthalate groups are hazardous to women's neurological, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems and that volatile organic compounds have detrimental neurological effects, such as paralysis and memory loss. Methods: Researchers and government officials have employed various strategies to combat this environmental chaos and its severe pathological effects. Alternatives derived from plants aid in producing biodegradable sanitary linens that pose no hazard to biodiversity. Results: Creating sanitary napkins from organic materials such as cotton, jute, bamboo, banana fibers, and neem leaves has enormous potential. Using sansevieria and water hyacinth to produce hygienic linens served the dual purpose of reintroducing aquatic life and providing African women economic independence. During their refining, the byproducts of numerous natural products increase the amount of refuse material. The sustainable tripod is preserved when industrial waste is incorporated into the absorbent layer of eco-friendly linens. Additionally, it reduces the price, making linens accessible for women of all social classes. Conclusion: This paper discusses the issue of nonbiodegradable sanitary napkins, their disposal, and alternative biodegradable techniques. It emphasizes the importance of using biodegradable sanitary napkins instead of conventional ones to address environmental concerns.
Keywords: Biodegradable sanitary napkins, environmental sustainability, plant-based, menstrual hygiene, waste reduction
